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SAT English

SAT transitions: choose the relationship between ideas

Learn how to identify the relationship between two sentences, choose a transition that fits, and avoid picking by sound alone.

SPSAT Practice Editorial5 min read

The short version

What you'll take away

  • Read the ideas on both sides of the blank before looking at the choices.
  • Name the relationship: contrast, result, addition, or example.
  • Check that the transition matches the logic and punctuation of the sentence.
In this article

Find the logic before choosing a word

A transition question asks how one idea connects to another. First read the whole passage sentence, including the words before and after the blank. Then summarize the relationship in plain language: “the second idea disagrees,” “it gives a reason,” or “it adds another example.”
Only then compare the choices. Words can sound polished while expressing the wrong relationship, so meaning matters more than style.

See the skill

One sentence, four possible relationships

Contrast

however

The trial was short; however, it revealed a useful pattern.

Result

therefore

The sample was small; therefore, the finding needs more study.

Addition

furthermore

The method is inexpensive; furthermore, it is easy to repeat.

Example

for instance

Some birds migrate; for instance, Arctic terns travel long distances.

Use the visual as a reasoning aid: tie each choice to the relationship, grammar, or evidence the passage actually gives.

Match the transition to the relationship

Contrast words such as “however” signal a difference. Cause-and-effect words such as “therefore” signal a result. “Furthermore” adds a related point, while “for example” introduces a specific case. These words are not interchangeable.
Sample: “The first survey included only city residents. ______, its results may not represent people in rural areas.” The second sentence explains a limitation caused by the first detail, so “therefore” fits. “Similarly” would suggest the ideas are alike, which they are not.
  • Contrast: however, nevertheless, in contrast.
  • Result: therefore, consequently, as a result.
  • Addition: furthermore, also, moreover.
  • Example: for instance, for example.

Try one, then explain why

Practice: “Mina expected the new study room to be noisy. ______, she found that most students worked quietly.” Choose “however” or “for example.” The best answer is “however”: the discovery contrasts with Mina’s expectation. “For example” would need a specific example of a broader claim.
After choosing, say what the transition tells the reader to expect. If that expectation does not match the next idea, eliminate it—even if the sentence sounds natural when read quickly.

Your turn

Quick practice

The greenhouse used less water than expected. ______, the plants grew at the same rate as before. Which transition best shows that the second idea is a surprising contrast?

Hint: Ask whether the second sentence adds an example, gives a result, or contrasts with what you might expect.

Choose one answer

Sources & further reading

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